如何測量 3D 角度和角度

How to measure 3D angles and angularity

如何測量 3D 角度（三維角度）和傾斜度

Even in hard-to-reach spaces (inside tubes, bores, slots, etc.)

即使在難以到達(dá)的空間（內(nèi)管、孔、窄縫等）

Why angles matter

為什么角度很重要

Angle and angularity measurements are key aspect of geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) of industrial parts. Correct angles help ensure that assemblies function as intended.

角度和角度測量是工業(yè)零件幾何尺寸和公差 (GD&T) 的關(guān)鍵方面。正確的角度有助于確保組裝功能符合預(yù)期。

Example 1: bevel angles on cutting tools contribute to their efficacy

示例 1：切削刀具的斜角有助于提高其功效

Example 2: angles of mating surfaces determine whether the surfaces will fit together and whether a tight seal is achieved

示例 2：配合面的角度決定了表面是否會配合在一起以及是否實現(xiàn)了緊密密封

Example 3: the included angle of a drilled rivet countersink in aircraft assembly is one of several aspects determining whether the head of the installed rivet will be flush with the aircraft surface to minimize unnecessary aerodynamic drag (see diagram).

示例 3：飛機裝配中鉆孔鉚釘埋頭孔的夾角是確定安裝的鉚釘頭部是否與飛機表面齊平以最大程度減少不必要的空氣阻力的幾個方面之一（見圖）。

Versatility of angle measurement with Novacam technology

使用 Novacam 技術(shù)進(jìn)行角度測量的多功能性

Novacam 3D metrology systems
measure angles and angularity in a range of industries.
The systems scan surfaces in a non-contact manner, with micron precision, and at up to 100,000 3D points per second. Thanks to a wide selection of sensor probe models, the systems are versatile enough to measure angles on outside surfaces as well as on surfaces inside tight spaces such as tubes, bores, or slots.

Novacam 3D 計量系統(tǒng)測量一系列行業(yè)的角度和傾斜度。該系統(tǒng)以非接觸方式掃描表面，精度達(dá)微米級，每秒可掃描多達(dá) 100,000 個 3D 點。得益于廣泛的傳感器探頭型號選擇，這些系統(tǒng)具有足夠的通用性，可以測量外表面以及狹窄空間內(nèi)表面（例如管、孔或窄縫）的角度。

Example where included angle is crucial: in aircraft assembly, drilled rivet countersinks must accommodate rivet heads perfectly to eliminate unnecessary aerodynamic drag.

夾角至關(guān)重要的示例：在飛機裝配中，鉆孔鉚釘埋頭孔必須完美適應(yīng)鉚釘頭，以消除不必要的空氣阻力。

5 examples of angle measurement applications

5個角度測量應(yīng)用示例

The samples below were scanned with Microcam 3D metrology systems. We used industry standard GD&T data analysis software PolyWorks InspectorTM
for subsequent 3D data analysis including angle measurements.

下面的樣品是用 Microcam 3D 計量系統(tǒng)掃描的。我們使用行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 GD&T 數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件 PolyWorks Inspector
TM
進(jìn)行后續(xù)的 3D 數(shù)據(jù)分析，包括角度測量。

Chamfer angles in bores

1) 孔中的倒角

Component with chamfered bores.
Two of the bores have a chamfer on the outer edge as well as halfway down the inside diameter.

帶倒角孔的零件。其中兩個孔的外緣和內(nèi)徑的中途都有一個倒角。

Angle measurements: a) included angle of chamfer on the outer edge and b) angle between inside chamfer (ledge) and bore walls.

角度測量：a) 外邊緣倒角的夾角和 b) 內(nèi)倒角（壁架）和孔壁之間的角度。

Measured on the inside with
BoreInspect.

使用BoreInspect在內(nèi)部測量。

Angles of rivet holes and countersinks

2）鉚釘孔與埋頭孔的角度

Aerospace rivet hole

航天鉚釘孔

Angle measurements inside a drilled rivet hole: a) included angle of the countersink (100.872o), b) angle between the countersink and rivet hole (125.087o), and c) angle between the countersink axis and the rivet hole axis (180-179.007 = 0.993o)

鉆鉚釘孔內(nèi)的角度測量值：a) 埋頭孔的夾角 (100.872o)，b) 埋頭孔與鉚釘孔之間的角度 (125.087o)，以及 c) 埋頭孔軸線與鉚釘孔軸線之間的角度 (180- 179.007 = 0.993o)

Measured on the inside with
BoreInspect.

使用BoreInspect在內(nèi)部測量。

Angles along the ID profile of a rifled barrel

3) 膛線槍管內(nèi)徑方向的角度

Inside diameter of a rifled bore (45 cm long, ID ≈ 4 mm). Rifling lands and grooves are machined along the bore length.

膛線孔的內(nèi)徑（長 45 厘米，ID ≈ 4 毫米）。膛線刃帶和凹槽沿孔徑加工。

Angle measurements inside rifled bore: flank angles, i.e. angles of rifling groove walls

膛線內(nèi)的角度測量：側(cè)角，即膛線槽壁的角度

Measured on the inside with
TubeInspect.

使用TubeInspect在內(nèi)部測量。

盲孔錐底夾角

4) Included angle of a conical bottom of a blind hole

Automotive fuel injector nozzle (37 mm long, ID ≈ 3.8 mm)

汽車燃油噴射器噴嘴（37 毫米長，ID ≈ 3.8 毫米）

Angle measurement of a blind hole bottom: cone angle of fuel injector nozzle tip

盲孔底角測量：噴油器噴嘴尖錐角

Measured from above with
SurfaceInspect.

使用SurfaceInspect從上面測量。

Angles of bevels on high-precision cutting tools

5）高精度刀具的斜角

Hypodermic needle tip

皮下注射針尖

Slope angle measurements of secondary bevels on a hypodermic needle lancet

皮下針刺血針上二次斜面的傾斜角測量

Measured with
SurfaceInspect.

用表面檢查測量。

Other recently performed angle measurements:

最近進(jìn)行的其他角度測量方法：

Angularity of bearing surfaces

軸承表面的傾斜度

Incident angle of cooling holes
on turbine blades

渦輪葉片上冷卻孔的入射角

Support for automation

支持自動化

With Novacam systems, measurements and data analysis may be fully automated and integrated in inline production lines. Read about the many
advantages of the underlying technology.

使用Novacam系統(tǒng)，測量和數(shù)據(jù)分析可以完全自動化，并集成在在線生產(chǎn)線中。閱讀了解更多的線下技術(shù)優(yōu)點。

文件：AN-THICKNESS-1.2（2021-06-03）

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