如何測(cè)量航空航天鉚釘孔

How to measure aerospace rivet holes – 3D, non-contact and with micron-precision

如何測(cè)量航空航天鉚釘孔 - 微米級(jí)精度的3D非接觸式測(cè)量

Why should we care about measuring aircraft rivet holes?

我們?yōu)槭裁匆P(guān)心測(cè)量飛機(jī)鉚釘孔？

Rivets are the most common fastener used in aircraft assembly. The high-precision riveting process comprises drilling, counter sinking, and fastener installation. It is repeated hundreds of thousands of times on large aircraft – the largest passenger airliners are held together by over a million rivets!

鉚釘是飛機(jī)裝配中最常用的緊固件。高精度鉚接工藝包括鉆孔、锪孔和緊固件安裝。它在大型飛機(jī)上重復(fù)了數(shù)十萬次——最大的客機(jī)由超過一百萬個(gè)鉚釘固定在一起！

Since fasteners like rivets help ensure the structural integrity and aerodynamics of aircraft, their installation must be done not only fast, but also very precisely.
Strict quality control standards are set out for aircraft assembly facilities to ensure that aircraft panel joints can withstand the repeated stress of flight.

由于鉚釘?shù)染o固件有助于確保飛機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性和空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)性能，因此它們的安裝不僅必須快速，而且必須非常精確。飛機(jī)裝配設(shè)施制定了嚴(yán)格的質(zhì)量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以確保飛機(jī)面板接頭能夠承受飛行的反復(fù)應(yīng)力。

Rivets help ensure the structural integrity and aerodynamics of aircraft

鉚釘有助于確保飛機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性和空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)性能

Quality control (QC) of
drill-and-fill riveting process

鉆填鉚接工藝質(zhì)量控制（QC）

Several aspects of the process are subject to QC inspections:

QC 檢查需要控制一下幾個(gè)方面：

The geometry of the aerospace rivet holes and countersinks must be within tight tolerances.

航空航天鉚釘孔和埋頭孔的幾何形狀必須在嚴(yán)格的公差范圍內(nèi)。

Their inside diameters must be free of defects such as burrs or excessive chatter (rifling) that could cause structural weaknesses under the stress of flight.

它們的內(nèi)徑必須沒有毛刺或過度顫動(dòng)（膛線）等缺陷，這些缺陷可能會(huì)在飛行壓力下導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷。

Flushness of rivet head with the surface is measured to ensure acceptable level of aerodynamic drag.

測(cè)量鉚釘頭與表面的齊平度以確保可接受的氣動(dòng)阻力水平。

GD&T parameters on this diagram were measured within several seconds. The callout parameters shown include the rivet hole diameter, the concentricity of the rivet bore hole and countersink, runout, and the countersink included angle.

此圖上的 GD&T 參數(shù)是在幾秒鐘內(nèi)測(cè)量的。顯示的標(biāo)注參數(shù)包括鉚釘孔直徑、鉚釘孔和埋頭孔的同心度、跳動(dòng)以及埋頭孔夾角。

Measurements delivered by the RIVETINSPECT system

RIVETINSPECT 系統(tǒng)提供的測(cè)量結(jié)果

NOVACAMTM
RIVETINSPECTTM
3D metrology systems deliver all the required measurements to enable aircraft assemblers to integrate 100% inspection right into their automated drill-and-fill process.
Integrated with our aerospace assembly machines (robots, CNCs or gantrys), the RIVETINSPECT system delivers:

NOVACAM
TM
RIVETINSPECT
TM
3D 計(jì)量系統(tǒng)提供所有必需的測(cè)量來確保飛機(jī)裝配商能夠?qū)?100% 檢查直接集成到他們的自動(dòng)化鉆孔和填充過程中。RIVETINSPECT 系統(tǒng)與我們的航空航天裝配機(jī)械（機(jī)器人、CNC 或龍門架）集成，可提供：

Dimensional measurements
– diameter, ID length (grip length, countersink depth, etc.), cylindricity, roundness (circularity), conicity, taper, concentricity of rivet hole and countersink, included angle of countersink, angle between rivet hole and countersink axes, perpendicularity of rivet hole axis to surface plane, radius of ID grooves, rivet hole axial straightness, as well as flushness of the installed rivet head.

尺寸測(cè)量- 直徑、內(nèi)徑長(zhǎng)度（夾持長(zhǎng)度、埋頭孔深度等）、圓柱度、圓度（圓度）、錐度、錐度、鉚釘孔和埋頭孔的同心度、埋頭孔的夾角、鉚釘孔和埋頭孔軸之間的角度、垂直度鉚釘孔軸線與表面平面的距離、內(nèi)徑槽的半徑、鉚釘孔軸向直線度以及安裝的鉚釘頭的齊平度。

Roughness
measurements

粗糙度測(cè)量

Detection and visualization of
defects
such as rifling (chatter), burrs, interlaminar gaps, offsets, tool-mark defects, dents.

缺陷的檢測(cè)和可視化，例如膛線（顫振）、毛刺、層間間隙、偏移、工具痕跡缺陷、凹痕。

In most cases (and depending on rivet hole dimensions) all the above measurements can be acquired with the same probe and within the same scan as dimensional measurements.

在大多數(shù)情況下（并且取決于鉚釘孔尺寸）所有上述測(cè)量都可以使用相同的探頭在與尺寸測(cè)量的同一掃描中獲得。

With this rivet ID, the following were measured: inside diameter, countersink included angle, angle between the rivet hole and countersink, and angle between the countersink and rivet hole axes.

使用此鉚釘 ID，測(cè)量以下內(nèi)容：內(nèi)徑、埋頭孔夾角、鉚釘孔與埋頭孔之間的角度以及埋頭孔與鉚釘孔軸線之間的角度。

Key features and benefits of the RIVETINSPECT

RIVETINSPECT 的主要特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)

To support today’s increasingly data driven, robotized and automated drill-and-fill riveting process, NOVACAM RIVETINSPECT system offers:

為了支持當(dāng)今日益數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)、機(jī)器人化和自動(dòng)化的鉆孔和填充鉚接工藝，NOVACAM RIVETINSPECT 系統(tǒng)提供：

Non-contact 3D measurement of hard to access rivet hole IDs

難以接近的鉚釘孔 ID 的非接觸式 3D 測(cè)量

Fast dimensional measurements, typically a few seconds per hole

快速尺寸測(cè)量，通常每個(gè)孔只需幾秒鐘

Ability to also measure roughness and defects with the same probe

還能夠使用同一探頭測(cè)量粗糙度和缺陷

Ability to measure different materials (CFRP, aluminum, titanium alloys, etc.) within the same scan

能夠在同一次掃描中測(cè)量不同材料（CFRP、鋁、鈦合金等）

Easy integration with robots for deployment right on the plant floor

與機(jī)器人輕松集成，以便直接部署在工廠車間

Immunity to the effects of ambient lighting and air perturbation.

不受環(huán)境照明和空氣擾動(dòng)的影響。

Scanned ID of a rivet hole and countersink shown as 3D deviation map from cylinder. A burr defect and inter-laminar gaps are visible on the rivet hole ID.

鉚釘孔和埋頭孔的掃描 ID，顯示為圓柱體的 3D 偏差圖。在鉚釘孔 ID 上可以看到毛刺缺陷和層間間隙。

文件：AN-THICKNESS-1.2（2021-06-03）

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